Mizhi's aunt, Suide's Han, Yulin's girls are really beautiful. Yulin not only has beautiful girls, but also has top-notch potatoes, all of which can be called "golden eggs"
1、 On site observation meeting for potato crop trainingIn order to promote the high-quality development of the potato crop industry and advance the construction of advantageous characteristic industrial belts, on August 29-30, the Yulin Academy of Agricultural Sciences, in conjunction with the Yulin Comprehensive Experimental Station of the National Potato Industry Technology System, held a training and on-site observation meeting on high-yield, quality improvement, and efficiency enhancement technologies for potato crops. Miao Xia, member of the Party Group and Deputy Director of the Yulin Agriculture and Rural Bureau, Du Qingrong, President and Senior Agronomist of the Yulin Academy of Agricultural Sciences, attended the meeting and delivered speeches. Chen Zhanfei, Vice President and Senior Agronomist of the Yulin Academy of Agricultural Sciences, presided over the meeting. Xu Jianfei and Zeng Fankui, scientists in the National Potato Industry Technology System, Liu Minghui, Director of the Baoji Comprehensive Experimental Station of the National Sweet Potato Industry Technology System, and Beijing Tianzheng High tech Intelligent Technology Co., Ltd. Vice General Manager Sheng Wenfu delivered special reports separately.
Speech by Miao Xia, Member of the Party Group and Deputy Director of Yulin Agriculture and Rural Bureau
Experts give special reports2、 Current situation and solutions of potato planting in Yulin (planting management)
Scale Status:
Large scale:Yulin is one of the five high-yield and high-yield potato growing areas in China, with an annual potato planting area of about 2.3 million mu, ranking among the top prefecture level cities in the country. It plays an important role in ensuring local food supply and economic development.
Regional concentration:Mainly concentrated in the northern areas of Yuyang District, Shenmu City, Fugu County, Hengshan District, Jingbian County, Dingbian County, etc., these places have vast land and flat terrain, and are suitable for large-scale planting.
Technology is gradually improving:With the advancement of agricultural modernization, some advanced planting techniques and management models have gradually been applied in Yulin, such as drip irrigation, sprinkler irrigation and other water-saving irrigation technologies, as well as soil testing and formula fertilization, comprehensive pest control and other technologies, which have improved the planting efficiency of potatoes.
Areas for improvement:
Inadequate irrigation facilities:The irrigation facilities in some areas are aging or insufficient, especially in remote areas where irrigation conditions are poor, making it difficult to ensure normal water supply for potato growth during dry seasons, which affects yield and quality.
Insufficient storage facilities:The construction of potato storage facilities is relatively lagging behind, lacking modern storage equipment and technology, which leads to problems such as rotting and sprouting of potatoes during storage, affecting the storage cycle and sales price of potatoes.
Low water and fertilizer utilization efficiency:In order to pursue high yields, growers extensively use fertilizers and pesticides in the production process, and there are unreasonable irrigation methods, resulting in low utilization rates of water, fertilizer, and pesticide. This not only increases production costs, but also puts pressure on the environment and affects the quality and safety of potato products.
Planting management solution:
1. Precise irrigation
Monitoring of water demand patterns:The water requirements of potatoes vary greatly at different growth stages. After sowing until emergence, it is sufficient to keep the soil moderately moist. At this time, less water is needed, and excessive water may cause the potatoes to rot. From emergence to budding stage, as the plant grows, the water demand gradually increases. It is necessary to ensure that the soil moisture content is maintained at around 60% -70% to meet the normal growth and development of the plant. During the period of tuber expansion, it is a critical time for potatoes to require water. The soil moisture content should be maintained at 70% -80% to ensure that the tubers can fully absorb water and rapidly expand. Real time monitoring of soil moisture content through soil moisture monitoring equipment provides data support for precise irrigation.
Irrigation method selection:Drip irrigation: This is a commonly used irrigation method in potato cultivation in Yulin. Laying drip irrigation tape near the roots of plants, water slowly drips into the soil through the drip head, directly acting on the roots, reducing water evaporation and loss, and improving water utilization efficiency. Drip irrigation can accurately control the irrigation amount and time according to the water demand of potatoes. Generally, the irrigation time is controlled within 2-4 hours each time, and irrigation is carried out every 3-7 days according to soil moisture and weather conditions.
Sprinkler irrigation: Sprinkler irrigation can be used in some flat and large land areas. Sprinkler irrigation can evenly spray water on potato plants to meet their water needs. However, the water evaporation loss of sprinkler irrigation is relatively large. In the Yulin area where water resources are scarce, sprinkler irrigation is usually used as an auxiliary irrigation method.
Soil nutrient testing:Before planting potatoes, nutrient testing of the soil is the foundation of precise fertilization. The testing items include the pH value, organic matter content, content of major elements such as nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium in the soil, as well as the content of trace elements such as calcium, magnesium, boron, and zinc. Based on the test results, determine the abundance and deficiency of nutrients in the soil, providing a basis for formulating fertilization plans.
Fertilization plan formulation:Base fertilizer: Apply base fertilizer in combination with soil preparation, mainly organic fertilizer and compound fertilizer. Organic fertilizer can improve soil structure and enhance soil fertility, with a general application rate of 15-30 tons per hectare. Compound fertilizer provides the main nutrients required for potato growth, such as nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium. Depending on the soil nutrient status and potato needs, suitable compound fertilizers are selected with an application rate of 300-600 kilograms per hectare.
Topdressing:During the growth process of potatoes, topdressing is applied according to the nutrient requirements of different growth stages. During the seedling stage, nitrogen fertilizer is mainly used to promote plant growth and development, with 75-150 kilograms of urea applied per hectare. During the tuber formation and swelling stages, increase the application of phosphorus and potassium fertilizers by applying 150-300 kilograms of diammonium phosphate and 150-300 kilograms of potassium sulfate per hectare. At the same time, according to the content of trace elements in the soil, appropriate supplementation of trace element fertilizers such as boron and zinc should be carried out.
Foliar fertilization:In the middle and later stages of potato growth, the absorption capacity of the root system gradually weakens, and nutrients can be supplemented through foliar fertilization. Foliar fertilizers are generally selected to contain nutrients such as nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, and trace elements, and sprayed at a certain concentration. For example, 0.3% -0.5% potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution is used for foliar spraying, sprayed every 7-10 days, and continuously sprayed 2-3 times.
Equipment composition:The water fertilizer integrated machine mainly consists of a water source system, a fertilization system, an irrigation system, and a control system. The water source system includes wells, ponds, etc., providing water sources for irrigation and fertilization; The fertilization system includes fertilizer tanks, mixers, fertilization pumps, etc., which are used to dissolve fertilizers and transport them to the irrigation system; The irrigation system consists of pipes, drip heads, nozzles, etc., which transport the water fertilizer mixture to the roots of potato plants; The control system can achieve automated control of irrigation and fertilization, automatically adjusting the irrigation and fertilization amounts according to the set parameters.
Operating principle:Firstly, dissolve the fertilizer in water in a certain proportion to form a water fertilizer mixture. Then, the water fertilizer mixture is transported to the irrigation system through a fertilizer pump, mixed with water provided by the water source system, and applied to potato plants through pipelines and drippers or nozzles. The control system can automatically control the timing, amount, and frequency of fertilization and irrigation based on parameters such as soil moisture and crop water and fertilizer requirements, achieving precise water and fertilizer supply.
